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The group 1 and group 2 elements of the periodic table are called the s-block elements. The group 1 elements are alkali metals, and the group 2 elements are alkaline earth metals. They are named so because of the alkaline nature of the hydroxides and oxides. Alkaline earth metals are characterized by two s-electrons, whereas alkalimetal by one s-electron in the valence shell of their atoms. These metals form mono positive and dipositive ions and are extremely reactive. Periodic Trends In Properties Of Elements Alkali metal – These metals are silvery white, low melting, soft and highly reactive. The ionic size as well as the atomic size increases down the group. On the other hand, the ionization enthalpies decrease down the group. These compounds are mostly ionic. Their hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to form strong alkalies. Some compounds of sodium are sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc. Manufacturing of Sodium hydroxide is done by the Castner-Kellner pr...

The lightest atom is on earth is hydrogen which has a single electron. In the year 1766, Henry Cavendish was the first to discover it. The three stable isotopes of hydrogen are protium, deuterium, and tritium. The radioactive isotope amongst these three is tritium. Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements found in the universe. Even though it resembles halogen and alkali metals, it has unique properties and has a separate position in the periodic table. Water-Gas Shift Reaction On an industrial scale level, Dihydrogen is prepared from petrochemicals by water-gas shift reaction. It is got in the form of byproduct on the electrolysis of brine. Bond Dissociation Enthalpy Dihydrogen has the highest H-H bond dissociation enthalpy for a single bond between the two atoms. The H-H bond dissociation enthalpy equals to 435.88 kJ mol –1 Hydrides Even though at room temperature, dihydrogen is inactive due to high negative dissociation enthalpy, it can combine with nearly all the...

Redox reaction is the combination of both oxidation and reduction reactions. When redox reaction takes place, both oxidation and reduction reactions also occur simultaneously. What is a Redox Reaction? Redox is a term used for the oxidation-reduction reaction. Redox reaction is a chemical reaction where a change in the oxidation state of atoms occurs. It involves electron transfer i.e if one chemical species gains electrons, then another chemical species gives or loses electrons. The species from which the electron is lost is said to be oxidized whereas the species to which the electron is added is said to be reduced. Example zinc displaces copper in an aqueous solution called copper sulfate. Redox reactions can be classified into four different categories: Combination reaction Decomposition reaction Displacement reaction Disproportionation reaction Oxidizing And Reducing Agents The role of an oxidizing agent (Oxidant) in a chemical reaction is to gain electrons. ...